Ke kila kila (Stainless Steel)ʻO ia ka pōkole o ke kila ʻakika kuʻikuʻi, a ua kapa ʻia nā māka kila i kū ʻole i nā media corrosive nāwaliwali e like me ka ea, ka mahu, ka wai, a i ʻole nā mea kuhili ʻole.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "kila kohu ʻole"ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i hoʻokahi ʻano kila kila, akā e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli o nā ʻano kila kila kila, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea he hana maikaʻi ma kāna kahua noi kikoʻī.
Loaʻa iā lākou a pau he 17 a hiki i ka 22% chromium, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka molybdenum hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka ʻino o ka lewa, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i loko o nā lewa chloride.
一.Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kila kila
1. He aha ke kila kuhiliʻole a me ke kila-ʻakika?
Pane: ʻO ke kila kila ka abbreviation o ke kila ʻakika-kūpaʻa kūpilikiʻi, ka mea kūʻē i nā media corrosive nāwaliwali e like me ka ea, ka mahu, ka wai, a i ʻole ke kila kila.Ua kapa ʻia nā kila kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka waika.
Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana o nā mea ʻelua, ʻokoʻa ko lākou pale ʻana i ka corrosion.ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ke kila kuhiliʻole maʻamau i ka ʻino kemika, ʻoiai ʻo ke kila ʻakika ka mea maʻamau.
2. Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kila kila?
Pane: Wahi a ka mokuʻāina hoʻonohonoho, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kila martensitic, ke kila ferritic, ke kila austenitic, ke kila austenitic-ferritic (duplex) a me ke kila paʻakikī paʻakikī.
(1) Ke kila Martensitic: ikaika kiʻekiʻe, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka plasticity a me ka weldability.
ʻO nā māka maʻamau o martensitic stainless steel ʻo 1Cr13, 3Cr13, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona ʻona, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, akā ʻilihune iki ke kūpaʻa corrosion, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe a pale ʻino.Pono kekahi mau ʻāpana maʻamau, e like me nā pūnāwai, nā ʻūhā turbine mahu, nā pahu kaomi hydraulic, etc.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kila ma hope o ke kinai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a koi ʻia ka annealing ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
(2) Ke kila Ferritic: 15% a 30% chromium.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka paʻakikī a me ka weldability me ka piʻi ʻana o ka chromium content, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūʻē ʻana i ka chloride stress corrosion ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano kila kila, e like me Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, etc.
Ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka chromium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation, akā maikaʻi ʻole kona mau ʻano mechanical a me nā ʻano hana.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā hale kūpaʻa waika me ke koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke kila anti-oxidation.
Hiki i kēia ʻano kila ke pale aku i ka corrosion o ka lewa, nitric acid a me ka paʻakai paʻakai, a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe oxidation kū'ē a me ka liʻiliʻi thermal expansion coefficient.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o ka waikawa nitric a me nā mea hana hale meaʻai, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana e hana ana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā ʻāpana turbine gas, etc.
(3) Austenitic kila: Loaʻa iā ia ma mua o 18% chromium, a aia pū kekahi ma kahi o 8% nickel a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi, kū i ka corrosion e nā media like ʻole.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻonā, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomehana ʻia ke kila i 1050-1150 ° C, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a i ʻole ka ea e loaʻa ai kahi hoʻolālā austenite hoʻokahi.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel: Loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka austenitic a me ka ferritic stainless steel, a he superplasticity.Austenite a me ka ferrite i kēlā me kēia helu no ka hapalua o ke kila kila.
I ka hihia o ka haʻahaʻa C maʻiʻo, ka Cr maʻiʻo mea 18% a 28%, a me ka Ni maʻiʻo mea 3% a 10%.Aia kekahi mau kila i nā mea hoʻohui e like me Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, a me N.
Loaʻa i kēia ʻano kila ke ʻano o ka austenitic a me ka ferritic stainless steel.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ferrite, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe wahi wela o ka lumi, hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ke kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion a me ka hana kuʻi ʻana, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hao ʻO ke kino kila kila ma 475 ° C, he kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, a loaʻa nā ʻano superplasticity. .
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka austenitic stainless steel, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion intergranular a me ka corrosion stress chloride.He kila kila maikaʻi loa ka Duplex stainless steel.
(5) ʻO ke kila kila paʻakikī paʻakikī: ʻo ka matrix he austenite a martensite paha, a ʻo nā māka maʻamau o ka ua paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻo 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al a pēlā aku.He kila kuhiliʻole hiki ke paʻakikī (hoʻoikaika ʻia) e ka paʻakikī o ka ua (kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka makahiki paʻakikī).
E like me ka haku mele ʻana, ua māhele ʻia i loko o ka chromium stainless steel, chromium-nickel stainless steel a me chromium manganese nitrogen stainless steel.
(1) Chromium stainless steel i kekahi corrosion resistance (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), heat resistance and wear resistance, a hoʻohana maʻamau i mea lako no nā kikowaena mana, kemika, a me ka aila.Eia naʻe, ʻilihune kona weldability, a pono e uku ʻia i ke kaʻina hana welding a me nā kūlana mālama wela.
(2) I ka wā wili, hoʻokau ʻia ka chromium-nickel stainless steel i ka hoʻomehana pinepine ʻana e hoʻoheheʻe i nā carbide, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me nā waiwai mechanical.
(3) ʻO ka ikaika, ductility, toughness, formability, weldability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of chromium-manganese stainless steel maikaʻi.
二.ʻO nā pilikia paʻakikī i ka wili kila kila a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea a me nā mea hana
1. No ke aha e paʻakikī ai ka wiliwili ʻana i ke kila kila?
Pane: (1) He ikaika loa ka ʻike wela o ke kila kila, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana i ka mahana o 450-850 ° C, a e hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka weld a me ka wela;
(2) pili i nā māwae wela;
(3) Ka palekana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe;
(4) He nui ka huina hoonui laina, a he maʻalahi ke hana i ka deformation welding nui.
2. He aha nā hana ʻenehana maikaʻi e hiki ke lawe ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kila stainless austenitic?
Pane: (1) E koho pono i nā mea wiliwili e like me ke ʻano kemika o ka metala kumu;
(2) Hoʻoemi wikiwiki me ka liʻiliʻi o kēia manawa, hoʻemi ka ikehu laina liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻokomo wela;
(3) Uea kuʻi anawaena lahilahi, kuʻi koʻokoʻo, ʻaʻohe kowali, multi-layer multi-pass kuʻi;
(4) E ho'ēmi i ka manawa noho ma 450-850 ° C;
(5) Palena Argon ma ke kua o ka weld TIG;
(6) Hoʻopili hope ʻia nā welds e pili ana me ka corrosive medium;
(7) Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Passivation o ka weld seam a me ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela.
3. No ke aha mākou e koho 25-13 moʻo kuʻihao uwea a me ka electrode no ka welding austenitic kuhiliʻole kila, kalapona kila a me ka haʻahaʻa alloy kila (dissimilar kila welding)?
Pane: Ke kuʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia i ka austenitic stainless steel me ke kalapona kila a me ke kila hao haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻohana ka weld deposit metala 25-13 series welding wire (309, 309L) a me ke koʻokoʻo kuʻi (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, etc.).
Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe, e ʻike ʻia ke ʻano martensitic a me nā māwae anu ma ka laina hui ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila hao haʻahaʻa.
4. No ke aha e hoʻohana ai nā uea kuʻihao paʻa i ka 98%Ar+2%O2 pale kinoea?
Pane: I ka MIG kuʻihao o ka paʻa kuhiliʻole kila uea, ina maemae argon kinoea hoʻohana 'ia no ka pale, ka ili o ka ili o ka wai hooheheeia ua kiʻekiʻe, a me ka weld i poorly hana, e hoike ana i ka "humpback" weld kinona.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1 a 2% oxygen hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻili o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a maʻalahi a nani hoʻi ka weld seam.
5. No ke aha e ʻeleʻele ai ka ʻili o ka uwea kuʻihao kuhili ʻole MIG?Pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia pilikia?
Pane: ʻO ka MIG kuʻihao wikiwiki o ka paʻa kuhiliʻole kila kuʻihao uea ua 'ano wikiwiki (30-60cm/min).Ke holo ka nozzle kinoea pale i ka mua i hooheheeia loko wahi, ka weld seam ua mau i loko o ka ulaula-wela kiʻekiʻe-mehana mokuʻāina, i maʻalahi oxidized e ka ea, a me ka oxides ua hana ma luna o ka ili.ʻeleʻele nā welds.Hiki i ke ʻano pickling passivation ke wehe i ka ʻili ʻeleʻele a hoʻihoʻi i ka waihoʻoluʻu mua o ke kila kila.
6. No ke aha e pono ai ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka uea kuʻihao paʻa paʻa i ka mana pulsed no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻololi jet a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia?
Pane: I ka wā paʻa kuhiliʻole kila uea MIG kuʻihao, φ1.2 kuʻihao uea, i ka manawa au ≥ 260 ~ 280A, i ka jet transition hiki ke ike;ʻO ka droplet he hoʻololi pōkole me ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kēia waiwai, a nui ka spatter, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia.
Ma ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i ka mana MIG me ka pulse, hiki i ka pulse droplet ke hoʻololi mai ka kikoʻī liʻiliʻi a i ka kikoʻī nui (koho i ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka nui o ka waiwai e like me ke anawaena uea), ka wiliwili ʻole.
7. No ke aha i pale ʻia ai ka uwea kuʻihao kuhili ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ke kinoea CO2 ma kahi o ka mana pulsed?
Pane: I kēia manawa maʻamau hoʻohana ʻia i ka uea kuʻihao kuʻihao flux-cored (e like me 308, 309, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe flux i loko o ka uea kuʻihao e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kinikini metala ma lalo o ka pale o ke kinoea CO2, no laila ma ka laulā. , ʻAʻohe pono no ka pulupulu arc welding mana lako (ʻO ka mana me ka pulse basically pono e hoʻohana i huikau kinoea), ina 'oe makemake e komo i ka droplet transition ma mua, oe hiki no hoi ke hoohana pulse mana lako a maʻamau kinoea pale kuʻihao kumu hoʻohālike me. wiliwili kinoea.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-24-2023